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How to Make Gold w/ Engineering & Get the Pets: Fun is Greater Than Gold - Patch 4.3!
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Civil Construction and Engineering
Civil engineering is a concept that deals with the design, construction and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment. The act of civil construction and engineering includes bridges, roads, canals, airports, dams and buildings. These are merely just a few examples of what civil construction and engineering is about.
Civil engineering is one of the oldest engineering disciplines after military engineering. It has been an aspect of life since the beginning of human existence. Until modern times there was no clear distinction between civil engineering and architecture.
One of the main aspects of civil construction and engineering is structural engineering. With structural engineering a structure needs to be able to successfully support itself as well as being able to resist loads. It is the job of a structural engineer to ensure that the design and construction of aspects such as bridges, roads and airports etc are safe and successful for their function. Some of the design considerations that need to be kept in mind are the strength, stiffness and stability of the civil construction. All of these need to commit to safety checks so that the structure can hold itself. Other considerations that need to be kept in mind when it comes to the civil construction and engineering includes the cost, constructability, safety, aesthetics and sustainability of the proposed structure.
In the society that we live in today it is safe to say that society wouldn't work without civil construction and engineering. This is because the infrastructures that we use in our daily lives, the infrastructures that support our daily lives wouldn't be in existence if it wasn't for civil construction and engineering. We use aspects such as roads and harbours, railways and airports, hospitals, sports stadiums and schools, access to drinking water and shelter from the weather in our daily lives without a second thought to the construction and engineering that is behind them. We rely more than ever on building contractor teams and inventive people who design and build as well as maintain the sophisticated environment that surrounds our everyday life.
The job of a civil construction team/engineer is more than merely the building side of these infrastructures. They have many activities that they must do every day, including drafting, decision making, computer interaction, communication, documentation, creative thinking, organising, information collecting, estimating and analysing. It is the job of a construction engineer to draft and design structures and show others how to build them. A construction engineer has to analyse information and make the right decision to solve the problems.
If you are a business owner or the owner of property who wishes to expend and build civil structures such as a road to provide easier access or an extension is needed at an airport, it is essential that you enlist the help of a building contractor team who are highly skilled and experienced in undertaking all aspects of civil building and construction. The building contractor team should have structural engineers who are able to undertake the planning and safety aspects of the design to ensure that the finished product is up to standards.
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Why abstraction engineering?
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Top Transferable Skills Web Sites
To be successful in the workplace, employees have to possess transferable skills. Knowing about these skills will help teens and adults prepare to be successful in the workplace. Transferable skills are a product of our talents, traits and knowledge. These skills determine how you respond to new activities, work situations or jobs.
Transferable skills are non-job specific skills that you have acquired during any activity or life experiences. Student activities and experiences include campus and community activities, class projects, and assignments, hobbies, athletic activities, internships and summer part-time jobs.
Transferable skills skills fall into three (3) groups: Working with people, working with things, and working with data/information. These terms are defined below:
Working with people skills happen when people sell, train, advise, and negotiate.
Working with things skills occur when people repair, operate machinery, sketch, survey, or troubleshoot.
Working with data/information skills involve budgeting, researching, and analyzing.
The Secretary's Commission on Achieving Necessary Skills (SCANS) is a model for transferable skills resources and web sites. In 1990, a commission of schools, government, unions, and corporations developed five SCAN competencies and three SCAN foundation skills. The five (5) Competencies are: Resources, information, interpersonal, systems, and technology.
The meanings of the competencies are:
Resources competencies describe the allocation of time, money, material resources, facility resources, and human resources.
Information competencies involve acquiring, evaluating, organizing, maintaining, interpreting, communicating and processing information.
Interpersonal competencies include team participation, teaching, customer services, leadership, negotiation, and cultural diversity.
Systems competencies work with understanding systems, performance monitoring, and systems designs.
Technology competencies involve the selection, application, maintenance, and troubleshooting of technology.
Besides competencies, there are three (3) Foundation Skills: Basic, thinking, and personal qualities. The terms are explained below.
Basic skills involve reading, writing, arithmetic, mathematics, listening, and speaking.
Thinking skills include creative thinking, decision making, problem solving, seeing things in the mind's eye, knowing how to learn, and reasoning.
Personal qualities are responsibility, self esteem, sociability, self-management, and integrity/honesty.
Universities and professional organizations, such as California State University, Rochester Institute of Technology, Carnegie Mellon University, Quintessential Careers, and the National Association of Colleges and Employers (NACE) agree these transferable skills are important. These organizations have created transferable skills surveys, exercises, and web sites.
The National Association of Colleges and Employers (NACE) is a professional association connects more than 5,200 college career services professionals at nearly 2,000 college and universities nationwide, and more than 3,000 HR/staffing professionals focused on college relations and recruiting. NACE has compiled the twenty (20) top personal qualities/skills that employers requested the most:
Analytical skills
Communication Skills
Computer skills
Creativity
Detail-oriented
Entrepreneurial skills/risk-taker
Flexibility/adaptability
Friendly/outgoing personality
Honesty/integrity
Interpersonal skills (relates well to others)
Leadership and management skills
Motivation/initiative
Organizational and time management skills
Real Life Experiences
Self-confidence
Strong work ethic
Tactfulness
Teamwork skills (works well with others)
Technical Skills
Well-mannered/polite
Communication skills are the most popular skills listed on the web sites. Communication deals with speaking effectively, writing concisely, listening attentively, and other abilities that result in the expression, transmission and interpretation of knowledge and ideas. Communication skills help you communicate what you know. Examples of communication skills include:
Collaborating
Forecasting
Negotiating
Projecting
Publicized
Selling ideas, products or services
Speaking
Translating
Writing
Communication skills are involved in the other skills, such as organizational management, human relations, program administration, research & planning. Organization, management, leadership, and human relations skills are the ability to supervise, direct and guide individuals and groups in the completion of tasks and fulfillment of goals. Organization, management, leadership, and human relations skillsconsist of:
Making decisions
Assuming and delegating responsibility
Organizing people and tasks
Negotiating agreements
Management and administrative skills organize and coordinate people, projects and events. As a manager, you handle multiple tasks, set priorities, and adapt to changing conditions and work assignments. As leaders, you use skills to motivate individuals and groups to assess, perform, set goals, evaluate, and follow through situations effectively.
Managers and leaders use human relations skills. Human relations, interpersonal, or people skills develop rapport, negotiate, and help people overcome their differences.
In addition to human relations skills, managers and leaders need planning and reasoning skills. Program administration, research and planning skills are essential when you gather information, analyze data, present ideas, and generate solutions.
Analyzing, planning, and reasoning skills are used in the field of research. Research skills help you search for specific knowledge, determine future needs, investigate and record findings, find answers, and evaluate strategies.
Besides planning and reasoning skills, problem solving and creativity activities involve the ability to find solutions to problems using experiences, information, and available resources. Problem solving and goal setting involve assessing a situation, gathering information, identifying key issues, anticipating problems, and generating multiple solutions.
Transferable skills are also called Soft Skills. Simon Fraser University, a leader in management education, lists the ten (10) Soft Skills:
Adaptability
Communication
Dedication
Dependability
Energy
Flexibility
Hard-working
Honesty
Integrity
Leadership
There are surveys, activities, and exercises that help identify your transferable skills. An example of a transferable skills survey is the Transferable Skills Scale.
The Transferable Skills Scale is the only researched and validated assessment on the market focused on transferable skills. The Transferable Skills Scale is a short assessment that identifies an individual's strongest transferable skills. The eight (8) Transferable Skills are:
Analytical
Numerical
Interpersonal
Organizational
Physical
Informational
Communicative
Creative skills
The benefits of the Transferable Skills Scale are -
Complete in 20-25 minutes
Is easy to use
Has color-coded design
Is Self-scoring and self-interpreting
Can be used as both a career exploration guide and a job search strategy tool
Includes suggested resources for career exploration as well as a worksheet for comparing possible careers
Includes job titles from the most recent O*NET database
Can be given to groups or individuals
The Transferable Skills Scale has 5 sections -
Mark Your Answers
Add Your Scores
Interpret Your Scores
Identify Occupations that Match Your Skills
Explore Occupations that Match Your Skills
Resources:
Binghamton University, State University of New York, Career Development Center, LSG 500, PO Box 6000, Binghamton, New York, 13902-6000, 607-777-2400
Career Center California State University, Chico Chico, CA 95929-0700, (530) 898-5253
Career Center, Student Affairs, Carnegie Mellon University 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Identify Transferable Skills Exercise. Career Development Services, A Division of Undergraduate Studies, Auburn University, 303 Mary Martin Hall, Auburn, Alabama 36849, (334) 844:4744
Identifying Transferable Skills in Career Planning. William E. Simon Graduate School of Business Administration, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627:0107
Identify Your Transferable Skills. Career Center University of South Carolina H. WILLIAM CLOSE (BA) BLDG., 6th FL. Columbia, SC 29208 o Phone: (803) 777-7280
Job Outlook 2007, What employers want (and you need to have), National Association of Colleges and Employers, 62 Highland Avenue, Bethlehem, PA 18017-9085, 800/544-5272
Quintessential Careers, DeLand, FL 32720
Rochester Institute of Technology, Office of Cooperative Education and Career Services, 57 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623, 585.475.2301
Transferable Skills Checklist. Missouri State University, Career Center, Carrington 309, Glass 103, 901 S. National, Springfield, Missouri 65897, 877:836:JOBS
Transferable Skills Exercise. Wisconsin Job Center, 201 E. Washington Avenue, Madison WI 53702
Transferable Skills Guidebook. Simon Fraser University (SFU) BUSINESS, Career Management Centre, 2361, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada, V5A 1S6
Transferable Skills Survey. Career Services, University of Minnesota Duluth, 22 Solon Campus Center, 1117 University Drive, Duluth, MN 55812:3000
University of Alabama Career Center, 330 Ferguson, 205:348:5848
USC Career Planning & Placement Center, 3601 Trousdale Parkway, Student Union 110, Los Angeles, CA 90089:4897, (213) 740:9111
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Structural Engineer
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Stevens Institute of Technology: Senior Project Expo 2008
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Translation - Significance and Scope
The in-depth study of Art of Translation demands more attention not because it paves way for global interaction and offers an excellent opportunity to undergo socio-cultural survey of various languages and their literatures but also gives an opportunity to establish some kind of relevance it has in the study and area of Literary Criticism. Translation Studies can very safely be included as an important genre in the domain of Literary Criticism since translation is an art prompting to peep into the diversified lingual, cultural and literary content of a source language and thus highlighting/appreciating the essence and niceties of the literature of that particular translated language. In the context of Indian Studies, keeping in view the multilingual and pluristic cultural nature of our country,translation has an important role to play. It is through translation that we can look into the rich heritage of India as one integrated unit and feel proud of our cultural legacy. The relevance of translation as multifaceted and a multidimensional activity and its international importance as a socio-cultural bridge between countries has grown over the years. In the present day circumstances when things are fast moving ahead globally,not only countries and societies need to interact with each other closely, but individuals too need to have contact with members of other communities/societies that are spread over different parts of the country/world. In order to cater to these needs translation has become an important activity that satisfies individual, societal and national needs.
It goes without saying that the significance and relevance of translation in our daily life is multidimensional and extensive. It is through translation we know about all the developments in communication and technology and keep abreast of the latest discoveries in the various fields of knowledge, and also have access through translation to the literature of several languages and to the different events happening in the world. India has had close links with ancient civilisations such as Greek, Egyptian and Chinese. This interactive relationship would have been impossible without the knowledge of the various languages spoken by the different communities and nations. This is how human beings realised the importance of translation long ago. Needless to mentiuon here that the relevance and importance of translation has increased greatly in today's fast changing world. Today with the growing zest for knowledge in human minds there is a great need of translation in the fields of education, science and technology, mass communication, trade and business, literature, religion, tourism, etc.
Defining Translation
Broadly speaking,translation turns a text of source language(SL) into a correct and understandable version of target language(TL)without losing the suggestion of the original. Many people think that being bilingual is all that is needed to be a translator. That is not true. Being bilingual is an important prerequisite,no doubt, but translation skills are built and developed on the basis of one's own long drawn-out communicative and writing experiences in both the languages. As a matter of fact translation is a process based on the theory of extracting the meaning of a text from its present form and reproduce that with different form of a second language.
Conventionally, it is suggested that translators should meet three requirements, namely: 1) Familiarity with the source language, 2) Familiarity with the target language, and 3) Familiarity with the subject matter to perform the job successfully. Based on this concept, the translator discovers the meaning behind the forms in the source language (SL) and does his best to reproduce the same meaning in the target language (TL) using the TL forms and structures to the best of his knowledge. Naturally and supposedly what changes is the form and the code and what should remain unchanged is the meaning and the message (Larson, 1984).Therefore, one may discern the most common definition of translation, i.e., the selection of the nearest equivalent for a language unit in the SL in a target language.
Computers are already being used to translate one language into another, but humans are still involved in the process either through pre-writing or post-editing. There is no way that a computer can ever be able to translate languages the way a human being could since language uses metaphor/imagery to convey a particular meaning. Translating is more than simply looking up a few words in a dictionary. A quality translation requires a thorough knowledge of both the source language and the target language.
Translation Theory, Practice and Process
Successful translation is indicative of how closely it lives up to the expectations as: reproducing exactly as for as possible the meaning of the source text,using natural forms of the receptor/target language in such a way as is appropriate to the kind of text being translated and expressing all aspects of the meaning closely and readily understandable to the intended audience/reader.Technically, translation is a process to abstract the meaning of a text from its current forms and reproduce that meaning in different forms of another language. Translation has now been recognised as an independent field of study. The translator can be said to be the focal element in the process of translation. The writer/author becomes the centre, for whatever he writes will be final, and no two translators translate a text in the same way. It is genegally believed that a writer to know the intricacies of the TL in which he may wish to translate. As a matter of fact, it is not the writer of the SL text who asks someone to translate his works into the TL; it is primarily the interest of the individual translator which prompts him to translate a work into his mother tongue. A successful translator is not a mechanical translator of a text but is creative as well. We may say that he is a co-creator of the TL text. . In fact, for a translator knowledge of two or more languages is essential. This involves not only a working knowledge of two different languages but also the knowledge of two linguistic systems as also their literature and culture.Such translators have been seen to possess various qualities which we shall briefly discuss later.
Linguiustically,translation consists of studying the lexicon, grammatical structure, communication situation, and cultural context of the source language and its text, analyzing it in order to determine its meaning, and then reconstructing the same meaning using the lexicon and grammatical structure which are appropriate in the target language and its cultural context. The process of translation starts with the comprehension of the source text closely and after discovering the meaning of the text, translator re-expresses the meaning he has drawn out into the receptor/target language in such a way that there is minimal loss in the transformation of meaning into the translated language.This entire process could be graphed as under:-
Overview of the translation task
In practice, there is always considerable variation in the types of translations produced by various translators of a particular text. This is because translation is essentially an Art and not Science.So many factors including proficiency in language,cultural background, writing flair etc.determine the quality of translation and it is because of that no two translations seem to be alike if not averse.
Accommodation in Translation
Translation turns a communication in one language into a correct and understandable version of that communication in another language. Sometimes a translator has to take certain liberties with the original text in order to re-create the mood and style of the original.This,in other words is called 'accommodation.' This has three dimensions: cultural accommodation; collocation accommodation; ideological accommodation; and aesthetic accommodation.Accommodation is considered a synonym of adaptation which means changes are made so the target text produced is in line with the spirit of the original. Translation is not merely linguistic conversion or transformation between languages but it involves accommodation in scope of culture, politics, aesthetics, and many other factors. Accommodation is also translation, a free, rather than literal, kind of translation. Moreover, it is inevitable in practice if the translation is to maintain the source message's essence, impact, and effect. There is an interesting saying: A translation is like a woman: if it is faithful, it is not beautiful; if it is beautiful, it is not faithful. That is to say if you want to be faithful with the text while translating you are bound to lose the beauty of the translated text and if you try to maintain the beauty of the translated text you are sure to be unfaithful with the original text.. Faithfulness was once considered the iron rule in translation process but over the years when we take a closer look, accommodation, or adaptation, is found in most published translations and it has become a necessity too since keeping in view the averse cultural/lingual/geographical/historical/political diversifications and backgrounds of various languages and their literatures, accommodation,if not compromising, is almost obligatory. Accommodation, too, has to be carried out very sensibly, more especially when it comes to translating poetry or any such text which is highly immotive and artistic in nature.For example translating poetry has never been so simple. Robert Frost once said, "Poetry is what gets lost in translation." This is a sufficient evidence of the difficulty involved in translation of poetry. Because poetry is fundamentally valuable for its aesthetic value, therefore, aesthetic accommodation becomes an art instead of a basic requirement. A good poetry translator with a good measure of accommodation and adequate knowledge of aesthetic traditions of different cultures and languages, can be better appreciated by the target reader and can achieve the required effect.
Qualities of a good Translator
A good translator should have adequate knowledge of the SL(source language) from which he is translating into the TL which is generally his mother toungue/target language. In order to produce an accurate translation of the SL text he should have command over the grammatical, syntactic, semantic and pragmatic features of the SL. In addition to this it is necessary that he is well-conversant with the socio-cultural contexts of both the SL and the TL. A good translator should be the author's mouthpiece in a way that he knows and comprehends fully whatever the original author has said in his text. One of the generally accepted characteristics of a good translation is that it should resemble the original text or come as close to the SL text as possible. It should appear like the original in the TL translation within the usual social and cultural settings with some minor accommodation, if necessary,of course.
Usually it is also believed that the job of a translator is a mechanical one-a simple rendering of the SL text into a TL text. But it is not so. The translator has to perform a really difficult task. It is in a way more difficult and complicated than that of the original writer. A creative writer composes or pens down his thoughts without any outward compulsion. A translator has to confine himself not only to the SL text but a host of other factors also intervene in the process of translating the TL.
A good translator must have an adequate knowledge of the subject or area to which the SL text relates so that the translator is able to capture the spirit of the SL text. If he does not have an in-depth knowledge, he may not be able to produce an accurate translation suitable for its intended purpose. For example, if you want to translate the Bible or the Gita or any other religious text, you must have adequate knowledge of those religious and theological works.
A good translator should be careful of the choices that he makes in using the TL. He should translate in the style, which is appropriate for the target audience. The style should be such that it appears to be natural and spontaneous to the TK readers. The translation in the TL should not sound alien.
A translator does need certain tools to help him out in moments of difficulty. These tools can be in the form of good monolingual and bilingual dictionaries, encyclopedias, e-dictionaries, glossaries of technical and standard works, etc. pertaining to the SL text.
A good translator must have patience and should not be in a hurry to rush through while translating any text. He should not hesitate in discussing with others the problems that he may come across. Morever, he should not shy away from conducting micro-research in order to arrive at proper and apt equivalents.
In short, a good translator should be a competent and proficient bilingual, familiar with the subject/area of the SL text chosen for translation. He should never try to insert his own ideas or personal impressions in the TL text. His objective should be to convey the content and the intent of the SL text as exactly as possible into the TL text. The job of a translator is very rewarding and intellectually stimulating
Finally,a few words(based upon my close understanding about translation study and activity) for up-coming translators and translation-lovers.To translate from one language into another has never been an easy endeavour.It is an exercise both painstaking and cumbersome and only those who have engaged themselves with translation work can realize the complex character of this Art. I have been associated with translation work for over three decades translating from English, more especially, from Kashmiri/Urdu into Hindi and back.
1-A good translator ought to be a good writer.
2-You needn't translate everything that has been written, you need to translate the best only.
4-A good translator adjusts/accommodates and not compromises with the original text.
5-Translators are like ambassadors representing and exchanging the best of their literary world.
5-Art of translation is as old as makind, don't you translate your thought before you speak it out? Some more suggestions:
1-Try to get into the mind of the writer.
2-Check your translation twice or may be thrice before finalizing the script. Put the original passage "aside" and listen to/read your translation with your ear "tuned in", as if it were a passage originally written in the TL.
3-If your material is highly technical, with vocabulary that is distinctive to a discipline, it is important that the translator has at least some background or experience of that discipline. A good translator of poetry and drama may be a bad choice for a chemical engineering or biotechnology text.
4-If you have a native speaker of your target language handy, particularly one who is familiar with the subject, that person could be as useful as your teacher for final script-review. Take his assistance without fail.
A few more guide lines for the translators:
Do not try to find difficult equivalent words in the hope that this will add to the perfection of your translation.
Every language has its own punctuation rules and differ in many ways; take care to punctuate correctly.
Check your translation two or three times at the end.
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De gezichten van de Industrieel Ontwerper - deel 1
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Material Handling Systems - Different Types and Applications
Material handling systems are created in order to provide quicker automation services for several enterprises. They are essential parts for the material handling process. The systems will bring much comfort and ease on the part of the client especially those concerning how to automate company facilities. At times, if the client is lucky enough, the materials handling team will take care of the installation of the desired machinery for the business.
The system actually involves a set of services that clients will favor for their existing businesses. It involves system design and integration, factory automation, warehousing solutions and factory upgrade. Automatic guided vehicles, automated storage and retrieval systems and order fulfillment systems are common types of material handling systems. Below is an explanation of each of these types and the applications where it is utilized.
Automates storage and retrieval systems
This system minimizes labor and utilization of floor space while vertical space is maximized. This is considered one of the contributors to the success of businesses worldwide. It is very efficient in reducing human intervention as it improves the company's performance and accuracy.
Applications for this type of material handling system are varied. The manufacturing process makes use of modern applications to increase efficiency in production, work-in-process storage and just-in-time delivery services. For archival and security applications, the system serves well by providing vaults where valued material may be sourced out for future consumption. In the world of electronics, it is capable of handling operation without the need for manual intervention. Other areas where this system is used are in production of food and beverages and conventional warehousing.
Automated guided vehicles
Automated guided vehicles are types of material handling systems growing popularly in several industries. It includes counterbalance and unit load vehicles as well as specialty style vehicles. Robotic transporters are employed to do the entire job and are based on Windows applications. The most common applications for AGV are aerospace, automotive, mail processing, manufacturing, plastics and warehousing industries.
Other types of systems for the material handling process
Aside from the above-mentioned types of material handling systems, there are other kinds included in the list. Order fulfillment systems are used in order to handle concerns of clients when it comes to the ordering process. This may either be operator-assisted or fully automated. Another is the sorting system which is a crucial portion of the distribution system. This is essential in order to work with timetables and produce high quality goods for industries relying upon these systems. Conveyors, logistics software, and palletizing or depalletizing are also examples of systems for the material handling process.
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Determinants For an Attractive Civil Engineering Salary
Extremely attractive for young career aspirants, the engineering salary could be considerably higher than many other jobs in the market. A recent survey indicated that the salaries could go as high as $120,000 a year though it would depend largely on the aptitude, qualifications, and experience of the employee concerned.
Factors Determining Civil Engineering Salary
Usually the salaries received by a civil engineer will depend on the area of operation where the civil engineer is working and the size and budget of the project or organization. At the same time the experience levels of the engineer will count considerably in determining the salaries since construction works are as much dependent on experience of the implementer as on the qualification and certifications.
Civil Engineering Characteristics
One of the most important sectors of the engineering field related to infrastructure development, civil engineering personnel are responsible for accomplishment of a wide range of tasks. Problem for any engineer is that in most cases they are not predefined. Environment, transportation, construction of structures, infrastructure development, and many other tasks are performed by the civil engineers.
Academic Qualification
A person can either go for the traditional academic curriculum or for the online degrees. Many universities and institutions are now offering distant education online for those aspiring to build up their careers as civil engineers. Quite a good number of online universities and institutes are there and each of them would claim to be the best in the field. However, the aspirant candidate should make his homework and go through various reviews and feedbacks to know what is really in store for them. List of such universities imparting civil engineering degrees through online education can be found in the university directory available online.
Civil Engineering Jobs
Primary duty of the engineer is to check the site before starting or permitting any civil work to start. Ensuring that the construction site is free from all potential dangers, he has to work meticulously on the project for safety and quality assurance. Usually the engineer would discuss in detail the client's requirements and if necessary will consult with his other counterparts in the project like the architects and contractors. Another very important aspect of the job is preparing the designs, and blueprints of the project for various construction works.
Ability to perform all these tasks well will basically determine the civil engineering salary. And the statistics indicate a gradual and regular upward trend in the salaries paid to civil engineers.
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Engineering Partially Synthetic Stem Cells
The stem cell debate rages on. Many states and countries outright ban stem cell research because of how stem cells are harvested. What if we were able to engineer our own (partially) synthetic cells for research purposes? Surely this would alleviate ethical concerns surrounding stem cell research. A Madison based company called Cellular Dynamics are pushing the boundaries of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS) research to the limits to bring them into the limelight and dissolving the controversy that springs forth from concerns related to harvesting these types of cells from a human foetus. Sounds like an easy fix? Well, to some extent yes.
Induced pluripotent stem cells start out as cells harvested from adults. The cells are then introduced to certain genes that are generally only found active in embryos. These cells can do exactly the same things as what a regular stem cell that has been harvest from an evolving human foetus. The beauty of iPS cells is that they are not only useful for treating disease or injury but are also excellent test cells for tracking the progress of a disease on a molecular level. At the moment, Cellular Dynamics are creating iPS cells that are transformed into heart muscle cells to pharmaceutical companies that wish to have an untainted test bed to test the reaction of drugs to human body tissue.
Cellular Dynamics are currently developing brain and liver cells to enable a greater range of cells to test drugs on. There is no telling how far the technology can progress as a means of testing and treatment on a wider scale however. These cells can be developed from people that come from a range of cultural and ethnic backgrounds as well - this gives researchers the opportunity to test how cells react depending on the genetic makeup of individuals from different backgrounds.
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Best Engineering Colleges
If you're looking for a career that's financially rewarding, challenging, and interesting, you'll want to take a look at the best engineering colleges and what they have to offer. The field of engineering continues to expand so that it now includes everything from aerospace engineering to computer software engineering and technology management. Engineers are teaching, consulting, inventing, running their own businesses and landing CEO jobs. Forecasts for the future say it's only going to get better.
For those who attend the best engineering schools, the employment outlook is encouraging. While a few areas, such as mining and petroleum are showing declining employment rates, other areas are holding steady or growing. For graduates of the best engineering colleges, the job market for biomedical engineering, computer hardware and software engineering, and environmental engineering is expected to grow by 30 - 40% by 2014.
Choosing from the best colleges for engineering will give you a competitive edge in the job market as well. It's worth investing the time and effort to find a good school: there is no substitute for great qualifications when it comes to getting the job that will launch you on a long and rewarding career. The best engineering colleges will not only offer you a range of possible career specialties, but they will also offer helpful academic advice and high quality instruction.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics tells us that the earning potential for engineers is high. Graduates of the best engineering colleges earn in the range of $48,000US to $79,000US. The highest earners are nuclear engineers, petroleum engineers, aerospace engineers, and computer hardware and software engineers. Civil engineers, environmental engineers, mining engineers and biomedical engineers are all in the mid range, but have strong future prospects. Check into the salary range for your particular area of interest and then seek out the best engineering schools for that niche, if that remains your choice.
It's no accident that engineers report high job satisfaction: education obtained at the best engineering colleges prepares them for work that is both interesting and beneficial to society. And while they are working engineers are able to maintain a secure, high standard of living. The fast pace of technological change, the global village, and the challenges posed by climate change mean that employment prospects for graduates of the best colleges for engineering will remain good.
Of course, the earning potential of a graduate from one of the best engineering schools is even higher if he or she ultimately lands a CEO position. This might not be in your plans as you are just starting your carrier, but you might be surprised at where good qualifications combined with years of experience, will get you. Enrollments at one of the best colleges for engineering is a great place to start your journey.
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